Every amount in a project is registered on a cost type, also called a cost category: a category such as "purchase of land", "architect" or "sale of houses". The same cost types are used by all projects, so figures can be compared across projects. ## Three Levels Cost types are grouped in two levels: - A cost type belongs to one roll up. - A roll up belongs to one master roll up. A master roll up is the most general view. Its type decides how the cost types below it are used: - Costs: the amounts count as expected and realised costs. - Revenues: the amounts count as expected and realised revenues. - Results: the amounts count as the result that has already been taken in the books of the organisation. The master roll ups of the examples in the original manual are purchase costs (codes 1000 to 1999), contractor sum (2000 to 2999), services of third parties (3000 to 3999), fixed and development costs (4000 to 4999), revenues (9300) and taken result (9900). The cost type structure of real estate projects is often based on the Dutch norm NEN 2631. ## Properties of a Cost Type A cost type has a code and a description. It can be marked as one of the following, which the reports and the cash flow projections use: - interest; - investment real estate; - fees (developer costs); - provision; - ground (acquisition costs of land); - unexpected (reserve for contingencies); - general costs; - own capital. A cost type also holds a payment term in days, which the cash flow projection uses for invoices without an expiry date, and a distribution method that decides how the cash flow is spread over time when no more precise method is set. ## Where Cost Types Are Used - Budgets, budget movements, expectations and latest estimates are registered per cost type. See [[Invantive Estate/Concepts/Budgets|Budgets]]. - Contracts, orders, revenues and invoice lines name the cost type on which they are booked. See [[Invantive Estate/Concepts/Orders and Contracts|Orders and Contracts]]. - Contract budgets can only be registered on cost types of the master roll up type "Costs". - Revenues can only be registered on cost types of the master roll up type "Revenues". ## Maintaining the Structure Master roll ups, roll ups and cost types are reference data, maintained by the application manager under "Administration". A report shows the whole structure. See [[Invantive Estate/Reference Data|Reference Data]].